The Ten Commandments

Sermon for the First Day of Lent

Romans 13:8-10  +  Mark 12:28-34

The Lenten fast or “giving up something for Lent” has been around for a long time. And, if used for the purpose of self-denial, prayer, works of charity, or reflection on spiritual things, fasting can be a helpful tool, a useful discipline. We maintain that fasting should never be forced on anyone in the New Testament Church, since God doesn’t force it on us. But during this Lenten season I’ll encourage you to engage in another kind of discipline. During the six Wednesdays of Lent, prior to Holy Week, we’re going to review together the six chief parts of Luther’s Small Catechism. One part per week, starting tonight. And I’m encouraging you, not only to set aside every Wednesday for these services, but to take your Small Catechism out, and read the part for the week at least once a day. If it makes it easier, you can pick up a copy of the weekly catechism reading from the table in the narthex.

This evening, we begin with the First Chief Part: The Ten Commandments. We can’t possibly talk about each one in depth in a single sermon. But it’s my hope that this service will help you to read them fruitfully throughout the coming week.

The Ten Commandments were thundered down to Israel by God from Mt. Sinai, and later written by God’s own hand on two stone tablets. They were part of the Old Testament, the binding covenant which God established with Israel, through Moses, and into which the people of Israel willingly entered. All the words which the LORD has said we will do.

Why do we care? We are not Israelites, after all. We never signed onto that covenant and were never asked to. We care about the Ten Commandments, because we did sign onto the New Testament by being baptized into the name of the same Yahweh God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. And in the Ten Commandments, the will of our God for mankind’s behavior is revealed. They reflect who our God is, teach us what His standards are of right and wrong, teach us what we are to do and not do, think and not think, desire and not desire, in order to be holy people in fellowship with the holy God. We care, because the Ten Commandments teach us Christians why we needed a Savior named Jesus in the first place.

As you heard tonight in both Scripture lessons, the Ten Commandments are summarized with the word, “Love.” Love is not optional. It wasn’t for OT Israel, it isn’t for NT Christians, either. Love is the fulfillment of the law. And, as you may remember from your catechism classes, the Law serves as both mirror and guide.

The Law is a mirror. It shows us what we look like—like sinners, who have not kept God’s commandments. As a mirror, the Ten Commandments tell us what we’re supposed to do and not do, desire and not desire, so that we may see clearly how far short of God’s glory we fall. The man who does these things shall live by them. But we haven’t done them. Not all of them. Not all the time. No one has. And so the curse of the Law is pronounced on all men: Cursed is the one who does not continue to do everything written in the book of the Law…Therefore by the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in His sight, for by the law is the knowledge of sin.

But the Law is also a guide. As a guide, it shows us Christians, who have been redeemed from the curse of the Law by Christ, who became a curse for us, the holy lives that holy people are called to live. We are called to walk by the Spirit. And the Ten Commandments are a Spirit-inspired summary of how the Spirit teaches us to walk.

So we turn to the First Table of the Law, the first three commandments, summarized by love for God.

1^st: You shall have no other gods. Every form of idolatry is forbidden, every form of worship of any god except for the One who reveals Himself in the Bible as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Instead of serving other gods, we are to fear, love, and trust in the true God above all things, including ourselves. He is to be our all in all, while all that we have and all that we are is to be entirely devoted to Him.

2^nd: You shall not misuse the name of the LORD your God. The LORD, or Yahweh, or God, or Jesus, or Christ, is not a name to be tossed around lightly, much less used as a curse, or for needless swearing, lying, deceiving, or practicing witchcraft. His name is to be holy to you. For sacred use only. God’s name is to be used for good, to call upon Him in the day of trouble, to praise Him in front of other people and tell of all His wondrous deeds, to give thanks to Him, at all times, and in all places.

3^rd: You shall sanctify the Day of Rest, or, Remember the Sabbath Day, to keep it holy. The Old Testament regulation about doing no work from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday has fallen away. But God’s command to hear His Word regularly, to cherish the preaching of it, to use His Sacraments with reverence, and to honor and support the ministry of the Word—that command remains.

The first three commandments summarize how we are to love God directly, by honoring Him, His name, and His Word. The rest of the commandments, the Second Table of the Law, show us how to love God by loving our neighbor. Your neighbor is literally the person next to you, the one whom God places in your direct path, which begins with your immediate family.

4^th: You shall honor your father and your mother. God has placed children under the authority of their father and mother, not only demanding outward obedience to them, but also the honor and respect of the heart. That honor and respect are to remain even when the parents are old, even if the same level of obedience to them is no longer required. By extension, this commandment applies to all the authorities that God has placed us under. We are to honor them, serve and obey them, love and respect them.

5^th: You shall not murder. No one is permitted to end a human life (and yes, that includes abortion) unless God authorizes it in His word, as He does for the government in the case of evildoers, or as He does for the average citizen if a thief breaks into his home or poses an imminent threat to his life. And if we are to avoid taking another person’s life, then we are also to avoid mistreating our neighbor’s body (or our own bodies!). On the contrary, we are to provide help for our neighbor’s bodily needs as we are able.

6^th: You shall not commit adultery. Or as the writer to the Hebrews puts it, Let marriage be held in honor among all, and let the marriage bed be undefiled, for God will judge the sexually immoral and adulterous. God gets to define the terms of sexual relations, just as He gets to define man and woman, husband and wife. He designed marriage to be a sacred, loving, lifelong bond, where husbands and wives love and cherish each other. And He clearly forbids all sex outside of marriage, all homosexual behavior, all pretending to be a different gender than the one He made you to be, and divorce in most, but not all, cases.

7^th: You shall not steal. God permits people to acquire things and to own things, and He forbids people from taking things that another person owns, unless the person freely agrees to sell it or trade it or give it away.

8^th: You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor. Our tongues and our typing fingers are to take great care, lest we say or write something that may harm our neighbor’s reputation. Lying about our neighbor to get him in trouble is a sin, but so is telling the truth about our neighbor in such a way that we expose a sin that we have no business exposing.

9^th: You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. This commandment, together with the next, is especially revealing. No human government can regulate your desires. But God can, and does. Not only are you not allowed to take your neighbor’s house from him. You aren’t even allowed to desire it, to set your heart on it, to be discontent with your own house. And not only house, but…

10^th: You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, workers, animals, or anything that is his. You are to control your desires, to the point that, whatever possessions the Lord enables you to have, whatever opportunities, whatever place in life the Lord gives you, you are to be content with these. And while you may desire something beyond what you now have, you commit those desires to the Lord, and if He provides it, good! And if not, good! But setting your heart on what your neighbor has, and growing bitter over your neighbor having something that you crave, such desires are forbidden by God.

If you stop and really think about all these commandments, what obedience looks like from the start of your life to the end of it, when you take into account what James says about the commandments, that whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it, it’s clear that all men, including us, are lawbreakers.

But during this Lenten season, we celebrate our Redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Ten Commandments show us the reason why, because no man can hold up his own obedience to the commandments to God and claim, “See, God! I have kept them all!” Instead, everyone must approach God as a humble beggar and admit, “Oh, God! I am a poor, wretched sinner!”

But sinners are called, not to despair, but to repent, and to run to Christ, the Redeemer, where God promises that sinners will find forgiveness, on the basis of His obedience, on the basis of His suffering and death, which He suffered for all our lawbreaking. So run to Christ and stay close to Him, because where He is, there the commandments can no longer accuse or condemn, because Jesus has fulfilled them all in our place.

But as you stay close to Christ, you dare not ignore God’s commandments. As John says, This is love for God: to keep His commandments. For the redeemed, this is the path. This is the way, each and every day. Do you love the God who has redeemed you? Would you serve the God who has redeemed you? Would you be holy, as God Himself has called you to be? Then, as Jesus Himself said, If you love Me, keep My commandments. Amen.